Types of Insulin
v Rapid-acting:
Taken before a meal. Covers glucose elevations related to meals
o
Works in about 15 minutes and peaks at
about 1 hour
o
Duration: 2 to 4 hours
o
Examples: Apidra (glulisine), Humalog
(lispro), NovoLog (aspart)
o
Inhaled insulin: works in 15 minutes
and peaks in 30 minutes. Out of system in 180 minutes
§ Afrezza
v Short-acting:
Taken before a meal. Covers glucose elevated related to meals
o
Works in 30 minutes and peaks in 2 to
3 hours
o
Duration: 3 to 6 hours
o
Examples: Humulin R and Novolin R
v Intermediate-acting:
Taken two times daily. Covers both meal and basal insulin needs
o
Works in 2 to 4 hours and peaks in 4
to 12 hours
o
Duration: 12 to 18 hours
o
Example: NPH (Humulin N, Novolin N)
v Long-acting:
Typically taking once daily (can be done twice daily). Meets basal insulin
needs
o
Works in a few hours and covers
insulin needs for 24 hours
o
Duration: 24 hours
o
Examples: Levemir (detemir) and Lantus
(glargine)
v Pre-mixed
insulin: NPH with short or rapid-acting insulin
o
NPH/regular
§ 70/30
(Humulin/Novolin) and 50/50 (Humulin)
o
Other pre-mixed insulin
§ Novolog
70/30, Humalog 75/25, and Humalog 50/50
o
Ideal for patients with a consistent
schedule
§ Same
meal composition and activity level each day
§ Increase
risk for hypoglycemia
§ Hard
to adjust for changes in routine
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